The Passive Voice
1. Form Active:
S + V + O + …….
Passive: S + be + V3/ed + (by O) + ……
Ex: Active: She arranges the books on the shelves every weekend.
S V O
Passive:
The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend.
S be V3/ed by O
2. Rules:
Khi đổi từ chủ động sang bị động ta chú ý các bước sau :
a. Xác định S (Chủ từ), V (động từ), O (túc từ) và thì của động từ trong câu chủ động.
Ex:
Active: She arranges the books on the shelves every weekend.
S V1 O
b. Đem O lên làm S, chuyển S xuống làm O đặt sau by.
Ex: (P) The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend. S by O c. Thêm động từ to be (phù hợp với thì của động từ trong câu chủ động), và chuyển động từ chính sang V3/ed.
Ex: (P) The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend. be V3/ed
3. Notes:
a. Trong trường hợp có liên từ and và giới từ , ta phải xác định đầy đủ chủ từ hoặc túc từ khi chuyển đổi
Ex:-
Active: He and I see the film Passive:
The film is seen by him and me.
- Active: He bought a box of chocolates last week
Passive: A box of chocolates was bought last week.
b. Trong câu bị động: by O luôn đứng sau adverbs of place (trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn) và trước adverbs of time (trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian).
Ex: (P) The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend. adv of place by O adv of time
c. Trong câu bị động ta có thể bỏ: by people, by us, by them, by someone…. Ex:
Passive: A new bridge has been built across the river (by them).
d. Trong các thì có trợ động từ (Auxiliary verbs) như: am/ is/ are, was/ were, has/ have, had……
Active: S + Aux + V + O + …….
Passive: S + Aux + be + V3/ed + (by O) + ……
Ex: -
Active: They have built a new bridge across the river. S Aux V O -
Passive: A new bridge has been built across the river (by them).
S Aux be V3 by O -
Active: Mai was watching a cartoon at 8 o’clock last night.
S Aux V O
Passive: A cartoon was being watched by Mai at 8 o’clock last night.-
S Aux be V-ed by O Active Passive
Passive S + V1 + O
S + am/is/are + V-ing + O
S + has/have + V3/ed + O
S + V2/ed + O
S + was/were + V-ing + O
S + had + V3/ed + O
S + will/shall + Vo + O
S + am/is/are + V3/ed
S + am/is/are + being +V3/ed
S + has/have + been + V3/ed
S + was/were +V3/ed
S + was/were + being +V3/ed
S + had + been + V3/ed
S + will/shall + be +V3/ed
PASSIVE OF MODAL VERBS
Các động từ khiếm khuyết (Modal verbs) như: can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must, had better, would rather, have to, be going to, used to, ought to, ….
Active: S + Modal Verbs + Vo + O + …….
Passive: S + Modal Verbs + be + V3/ed + (by O) + ……
Ex: - Active: Nam can do this exercise right now.
S M.V Vo O Passive: This exercise- can be done by Nam right now.
S M.V be V3 by O - Active: People are going to solve the problem next month.
S M.V Vo O Passive: The problem is going to be solved (by people) next month.
S M.V be V-ed by O
EXERCISES (PASSIVE VOICE) I/ Change these sentences into the passive voice
1. Somebody has robbed the bank near our house.
…….…………………..…….…………………..…….…………………..
2. Somebody told me to wait outside.
…….…………………..…….…………………..…….…………………..
3. Somebody has driven them to the airport. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 4. They will complete the new high way from north to south next year. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 5. My aunt made this sweater for her son. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 6. The television station has broadcast all the 22nd Sea-Games competitions. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 7. My teacher asked me to be here at 10 am. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 9. Thomas Edison invented the electric light bulb. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 10. She makes coffee for her parents every day. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. II/ Put the verbs in parentheses into the correct active or passive voice 1. Last night my favorite program________________ (interrupt) by a special news bulletin. 2. When I______________ (arrive) at the airport yesterday, I______________ (meet) by my cousin and a couple of friends. 3. Kim______________ (write) this composition last week. That one _____________ (write) by Phi. 4. I don’t have my bicycle today. It’s with the repairman. It______________ (repair) right now. 5. Someone has bought the small lot behind my house and a new house_______________ (build) on it next year. 6. A: Do you understand the explanation in the book? B: No, I don’t. I_______________ (confuse). 7. A: When____________ your bike_______________ (steal)? B: Two days ago. 8. A:__________ you_____________ (pay) your electricity yet? B: No. I haven’t. but I’d better pay it today. If I don’t, my electricity supply ______________ (shut off) by the power company. 9. A: Did you hear about the accident? B: No. What________________ (happen)? A: A bicyclist_____________ (hit) by a taxi in front of the dorm. B: ___________ the bicyclist______________ (injure)? A: Yes. He_______________ (take) to City Hospital. 10. The Eiffel Tower_____________ (be) in Paris, France. It_____________ (visit) by millions of people every year. It_______________ (design) by Alexandre Eiffel (1832-1923). It_______________ (erect) in 1889 for the Paris exposition. Since that time, it_______________ (be) the most famous landmark in Paris. Today it______________ (recognize) by people throughout the world. III.Change these sentences into the passive voice 1. People should send their complaints to the main office. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 2. Somebody might steal your car if you had left the keys in it. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 3. A short circuit could cause the fire. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 4. Lan is going to invite her friends to her birthday party. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 5. Lien couldn’t open the door of the classroom. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 6. They should announce that news as soon as possible. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 7. Phong has to return the scientific book to the library. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 8. People must repair that old building. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 9. The government will rebuild the memorial monument. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 10. The students may elect Phong their leader. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 11. The teacher won’t accept papers written in pencils. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 12. The athletes might visit some interesting places after Sea-Games. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 13. Lan’s parents have to clean up their house before Tet holidays. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 14. The principal might interview her. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 15. They must keep fruit in the fridge for long. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….…………………..
1. Form Active:
S + V + O + …….
Passive: S + be + V3/ed + (by O) + ……
Ex: Active: She arranges the books on the shelves every weekend.
S V O
Passive:
The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend.
S be V3/ed by O
2. Rules:
Khi đổi từ chủ động sang bị động ta chú ý các bước sau :
a. Xác định S (Chủ từ), V (động từ), O (túc từ) và thì của động từ trong câu chủ động.
Ex:
Active: She arranges the books on the shelves every weekend.
S V1 O
b. Đem O lên làm S, chuyển S xuống làm O đặt sau by.
Ex: (P) The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend. S by O c. Thêm động từ to be (phù hợp với thì của động từ trong câu chủ động), và chuyển động từ chính sang V3/ed.
Ex: (P) The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend. be V3/ed
3. Notes:
a. Trong trường hợp có liên từ and và giới từ , ta phải xác định đầy đủ chủ từ hoặc túc từ khi chuyển đổi
Ex:-
Active: He and I see the film Passive:
The film is seen by him and me.
- Active: He bought a box of chocolates last week
Passive: A box of chocolates was bought last week.
b. Trong câu bị động: by O luôn đứng sau adverbs of place (trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn) và trước adverbs of time (trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian).
Ex: (P) The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend. adv of place by O adv of time
c. Trong câu bị động ta có thể bỏ: by people, by us, by them, by someone…. Ex:
Passive: A new bridge has been built across the river (by them).
d. Trong các thì có trợ động từ (Auxiliary verbs) như: am/ is/ are, was/ were, has/ have, had……
Active: S + Aux + V + O + …….
Passive: S + Aux + be + V3/ed + (by O) + ……
Ex: -
Active: They have built a new bridge across the river. S Aux V O -
Passive: A new bridge has been built across the river (by them).
S Aux be V3 by O -
Active: Mai was watching a cartoon at 8 o’clock last night.
S Aux V O
Passive: A cartoon was being watched by Mai at 8 o’clock last night.-
S Aux be V-ed by O Active Passive
Passive S + V1 + O
S + am/is/are + V-ing + O
S + has/have + V3/ed + O
S + V2/ed + O
S + was/were + V-ing + O
S + had + V3/ed + O
S + will/shall + Vo + O
S + am/is/are + V3/ed
S + am/is/are + being +V3/ed
S + has/have + been + V3/ed
S + was/were +V3/ed
S + was/were + being +V3/ed
S + had + been + V3/ed
S + will/shall + be +V3/ed
PASSIVE OF MODAL VERBS
Các động từ khiếm khuyết (Modal verbs) như: can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must, had better, would rather, have to, be going to, used to, ought to, ….
Active: S + Modal Verbs + Vo + O + …….
Passive: S + Modal Verbs + be + V3/ed + (by O) + ……
Ex: - Active: Nam can do this exercise right now.
S M.V Vo O Passive: This exercise- can be done by Nam right now.
S M.V be V3 by O - Active: People are going to solve the problem next month.
S M.V Vo O Passive: The problem is going to be solved (by people) next month.
S M.V be V-ed by O
EXERCISES (PASSIVE VOICE) I/ Change these sentences into the passive voice
1. Somebody has robbed the bank near our house.
…….…………………..…….…………………..…….…………………..
2. Somebody told me to wait outside.
…….…………………..…….…………………..…….…………………..
3. Somebody has driven them to the airport. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 4. They will complete the new high way from north to south next year. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 5. My aunt made this sweater for her son. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 6. The television station has broadcast all the 22nd Sea-Games competitions. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 7. My teacher asked me to be here at 10 am. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 9. Thomas Edison invented the electric light bulb. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 10. She makes coffee for her parents every day. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. II/ Put the verbs in parentheses into the correct active or passive voice 1. Last night my favorite program________________ (interrupt) by a special news bulletin. 2. When I______________ (arrive) at the airport yesterday, I______________ (meet) by my cousin and a couple of friends. 3. Kim______________ (write) this composition last week. That one _____________ (write) by Phi. 4. I don’t have my bicycle today. It’s with the repairman. It______________ (repair) right now. 5. Someone has bought the small lot behind my house and a new house_______________ (build) on it next year. 6. A: Do you understand the explanation in the book? B: No, I don’t. I_______________ (confuse). 7. A: When____________ your bike_______________ (steal)? B: Two days ago. 8. A:__________ you_____________ (pay) your electricity yet? B: No. I haven’t. but I’d better pay it today. If I don’t, my electricity supply ______________ (shut off) by the power company. 9. A: Did you hear about the accident? B: No. What________________ (happen)? A: A bicyclist_____________ (hit) by a taxi in front of the dorm. B: ___________ the bicyclist______________ (injure)? A: Yes. He_______________ (take) to City Hospital. 10. The Eiffel Tower_____________ (be) in Paris, France. It_____________ (visit) by millions of people every year. It_______________ (design) by Alexandre Eiffel (1832-1923). It_______________ (erect) in 1889 for the Paris exposition. Since that time, it_______________ (be) the most famous landmark in Paris. Today it______________ (recognize) by people throughout the world. III.Change these sentences into the passive voice 1. People should send their complaints to the main office. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 2. Somebody might steal your car if you had left the keys in it. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 3. A short circuit could cause the fire. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 4. Lan is going to invite her friends to her birthday party. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 5. Lien couldn’t open the door of the classroom. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 6. They should announce that news as soon as possible. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 7. Phong has to return the scientific book to the library. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 8. People must repair that old building. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 9. The government will rebuild the memorial monument. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 10. The students may elect Phong their leader. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 11. The teacher won’t accept papers written in pencils. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 12. The athletes might visit some interesting places after Sea-Games. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 13. Lan’s parents have to clean up their house before Tet holidays. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 14. The principal might interview her. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….………………….. 15. They must keep fruit in the fridge for long. ..…….…………………....…….…………………....…….…………………..
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